| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2006 | Volume
: 1
| Issue : 3 | Page : 10-15 |
Hyponatremia in acute neurological disorders - Is it always due to siadh ?
Indira Jayakumar1, S Ranjit1, C Balasubramaniam2
1 Departments of Pediatric Intensive Care Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Nungambakkam, Chennai, India
2 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital, Nungambakkam, Chennai, India
Correspondence Address:
Indira Jayakumar
New No. 14 Second Main Road, CIT Colony, Mylapore, Chennai - 600 004,
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
Hyponatremia in acute CNS diseases is often attributed to the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH). Other causes may be in operation and may be overlooked. Aims: The objective of the study was to determine the etiology, evaluate treatment modalites and assess the outcome in children with an underlying acute neurologic disease who were hyponatremic. All these children were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods and Materials: This is descriptive hospital based retrospective chart review. Clinical indices of hydration, serum and urine sodium and osmolality were used in children to determine the cause of hyponatremia. In such of those who were hyponatremic, the cause of hyponatremia, treatment and outcome were assessed. Management of hyponatremia depended on etiology and severity of symptoms. Symptomatic patients had serum sodium raised by 3-5 mEq/l in order to control symptoms, following which a more gradual correction was carried out. Children with SIADH were fluid restricted while those with hyponatremic dehydration and Cerebral Salt Wasting (CSW) received supplemental saline and fluids. Results: Out of 1371 Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admissions over a 30-month period, 385 (28%) had primary CNS disorders and of these, 58 were hyponatremic. The causes were SIADH in 19 (33%), hyponatremic dehydration in 16 (28%), drug-induced hyponatremia in 13 (22%) and CSW in 10 (17%) patients. About 10 of the 58 hyponatremic patients expired. All deaths were due to the severity of the underlying neurological condition. About 3 patients were hyponatremic at the time of death. Conclusion: The etiology of hyponatremia in acute CNS disease is multifactorial, and is not always due to SIADH. Careful evaluation and targeted therapy is required for the optimal management of these children
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